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9 'Shea arsilic digbee connorender strand
Aerosols are handv, hazardous
By RENEE TACKETT
Staff Reporter
You can exterminate bugs, paint your bicycle and polish furniture with them. You can use them to lather your face, spray your hair or kill weeds.
In this age of convenience packaging, acerosols dispense everything from breath sweeteners, buttery powder and cheese cream. They cleaners and whipped cream absorbers.
Aerosol products, lavishly advertised and imaginatively marketed, have gained wide acceptance among consumers since their introduction and are now used for more than 300 purposes.
Before the cheap, lightweight aerosol sprays were put on the market, cumbersome and expensive steel containers held spray products.
CHEMIST A T E. I. d'Apont de Neumours & Co. discovered the propellant that was evaporized the spray can industry in the '60s - aerosol fluorocarburants, that could be confined in tin or aluminium cans under low pressure. Next, a plastic and metal valve that could be mass produced was invented, making materials dispensable at the touch of a fingertip.
The popularity of pressure packaging soared. By 1954, the number of aerosol cans manufactured had reached nearly 180 million. About 100 million of the cans produced that year contained either insecticides or shaving lathers.
HAIR SPRAY was the leading aerosol product in 1958, when aerosol production passed the 500 million mark. In 1968, when 2.3 billion aerosols were produced, the total hairstray alone almost equalled the total aerosol production of the previous decade.
By the '70s, practically every product that conceivably could be sprayed was being considered for pressure packaging if it wasn't already available in aerosol form. Two products that failed as aerosols were chocolate syrup and toothpaste.
Aerosols have grown to a $1 billion-a-year industry, producing more than three billion gallons of air per year. Aerosol is a key for every city of the United States about 45 aerosol containers in every U.S. household. Of these, 50 per cent are per person. About 60 per cent, shaving cream and deodorant.
UNTIL THE EARLY '70s, the safety of aerosol sprays was taken for granted, although some consumer groups and researchers have called for reservations about them. In 1974, it was discovered that the propellant most commonly used in aerosol sprays might seriously threaten the environment and the health of millions of people using the products.
The dangerous ingredients were fluorocarbons—the mixture of gases that produce the aerosol boom more than 20 years earlier. Fluorocarbons had been considered harmless since Du Pont introduced them as materials called Freno more than 40 years ago.
F. SHIERWOOD ROWLAND, professor of chemistry at the University of California at Santa Barbara.
from Mexico City, began to investigate the presence of fluorocarbons in the tropisphere, the layer of the earth's atmosphere that protects the earth from the sun's rays.
Rowland and Molina found that when fluorocarbons in the atmosphere decomposed, they released atoms of chlorine. When these atoms reacted with an extremely molecule of ozone, an extremely unstable substance. Each molecule of ozone that was affected started a chain reaction that could affect as many as 100,000 other ozone molecules from the atmosphere within a year or so.
ROWLAND and MOLLON calculated that if fluorocarbon production continued to increase at 10 per cent a year until 1990 and oxygen production continued to increase at the ozone layer would be destroyed by 1995 and between 30 and 50 per cent by 2050. With even a 5 per cent depletion of the ozone layer, the number of causes of skin cancer will rise by two-fold, resulting exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Greater losses of ozone could cause biological damage such as genetic mutation and crop damage and could even cause temperatures in the stratosphere to shift enough to change the earth's weather patterns.
IN NOVEMBER 1974, a petition to ban aerosol sprays was filed with the federal Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) by the Natural Resources Defense Council, an organization that has won many law caseworks involving environmental issues.
Alarmed by the Rowland-Molina studies, the National Academy of Sciences launched an investigation of the fluorocarbon hazard and confirmed the pair's findings.
Spokesmen for Du Pont said that the calculations in the petition were hypothetical and that there was no real proof that the gases were harmful. Despite drops of aerosols dropped 7 per cent when results of the studies were publicized.
Recent aerosol-related deaths and accidents and results of experiments on animals have indicated that aerosol sprays are more immediately hazardous to the health of the millions of consumers who have been inhaling them on earth.
The fluorocarbons are rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream when inhaled because they're given off in mists of millions of tiny droplets. They have caused abnormal heart rhythms and death in experimental animals.
In 1974, it was disclosed that vinyl chloride, used for 25 years in the manufacturing of plastics, also had been used for at least 10 years in dozens of aerosol spray. In Japan, the government contained vinyl chloride in aqueous acetos containing vinyl chloride after it was found to be a carcinogen, or cancer-causing substance.
FOR MORE THAN a decade it has been known that fluorocarbons in high concentrations can cause cardiac arrest. Even aerosol proponents agree that fluorocarbon propellants may be fatal when inhaled deliberately for hallucinatory effects.
U. S. Food and Drug Administration—asked only that aerosol manufactures stop using vinyl chloride as a propellant. Millions of aerosols containing the known cancer-producing agent remained in stores and homes.
IN THE UNITED States, the agencies dealing with the problem—the CSCP, the CACS, and the GSA.
Even with normal use in a room—to exterminate a fly or spray hair—concentration levels could be reached that were 400 times the amount judged to be an unsafe level of exposure for workers by national Safety and Health Administration.
HAIR-CARE products, especially hair-sprays, have plastic resins that can cause a lung disease and as well as abnormal lung cells that may be the precursors of lung cancer, but they also have an association to a statute for Occupational Safety and Health. Exposure to hair spray can temporarily alter lung functions, causing tightness in the chest and irritation to results of research at Yale University.
Besides being health hazards, aerosol spray canes are potentially dangerous explosives. When aerosol containers get too warm, the increased internal pressure may cause the air to explode, scattering metal fragments at high speeds.
ALTHOUGH FEDERAL regulations
require labels warning against burning, puncturing or exposing the can to high temperatures, thousands of accidents occur when using these labels, according to statistics from the CPSC.
As of March, the state of Oregon banned the sale of aerosol sprays.
FOR MOST aerosol products, substitutes are available. In place of an aerosol anti-perspirant, a roll-on or stick deodorant can be used, or a new pump container. A can of oil can also be used by a brush and a can of paint. Oven cleaner can be brushed on instead of sprayed on.
Instead of the flea and tick killer spray for dogs, powder can be used. Furniture wax is as easily poured out of a container as sprayed in. The powder is hexachlorophene, an antibacterial ingredient, was banned from feminine hygiene sprays, the sprays consist mainly of perfume and a propellant. These sprays are no more effective than soap and a washcloth.
Aerosols are easily replaced for most purposes, although the substitutions might not always be as convenient as the spray. Those who choose aerosols should spray in a face and area, keep the spray away from the face and leave the area as quickly as possible.
KU women to be honored for service, scholarship
Two groups of women, one comprised of initiates to the University of Kansas Women's Hall for Fame and another of KU activities, will be honored 18 at KU.
An awards program, Dimensions of Excellence, will be sponsored by the Commission on the Status of Women and the Office of the Dean of Women.
This year's program has two purposes, Kris Balloun, Olathe senior and chairman of the Women's Recognition Committee, said recently.
"We want to recognize women who have made outstanding achievements," she said, "and to raise the awareness of the University and Lawrence communities to
The Women's Recognition Committee expects to complete the selection of those to be honored by the end of this week, accords with the University's graduate student and committee adviser.
USUALLY, THREE or four women are
hall of Fame, which was started in 1978
Balloon said that to qualify, a woman must be a graduate of KU or be a member of the faculty or staff who has provided a role model for students.
In addition to those named to the Hall of Fame, other University women will be honored for outstanding woman teacher, outstanding woman staff member, outstanding international woman student and outstanding nontraditional woman student.
munity services, contributions to a minority culture and politics.
Women also will be recognized for achievements in athletics, women's rights and health.
The recognition committee will make its selections from nominations submitted by individuals and KU livings groups like residence, residence halls and scholarship halls.
This is the first year that each of KU's campuses and schools was asked to open.
"We've had a really good response so she said. We think that this will help improve our team."
The committee also will decide this week whether monetary awards will accompany the public recognition of the women. Small gifts have been made in the past. Boved said.
The featured speaker for the Dimensions
in Excellence program will be Dean
Stevens.
Nominations for KU Women's Hall of Fame closed March 28, and all other nominees will be announced later.
Names of those women elected to Lambda Sigma, a sophomore honor society, and names of those elected to Mortar Board, a junior college, also will be announced during the program.
--with the purchase of any
The program is to begin at 7:30 p.m. April 18 in the B 8 Room of the Kansas Union.
FREE "Flying Scot" Frisbee (while supply lasts)
Hot fudge, chocolate, strawberry, pineapple and many more toppings.
e purchase of any medium or large Sundae, from our Dairy Bar
9th & Iowa
Sights, sounds of the Beatles to be presented
University Daily Kansan
"The Beatles: Away with Words" a multimedia show sponsored by SUA, will be presented at 4, 6, 8 and 10 p.m. and midnight April 15 in Hoch Auditorium.
--of
Advance tickets are $2.50 for students and
$3.50 for others at the SUA office in the
Kansas Union. Tickets at the door will be $
3 for students and $4 for others.
Scenes and music from the 1976 American tour of Paul McCartney's Wings group will be presented at Lincoln Center.
Thursday, April 7, 1977
The presentation will trace the growth and decline of the Beatles and will include information about and music by the influential members since the group split in 1971.
The 90-minute show will feature 6,000 slides and films on the musical group—including films from Beatles' concerts and films from other artists. The show also features sound show—and a 360-degree sound system.
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Thur. & Fri., April 7 & 8 (Manu. Rep.present)
Extras will be available for those who were unable to order earlier.
Pick up Early to avoid the crowds.
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