14
Wednesday, February 9, 1977
University Daily Kansan
Medical training program aim
By BARRY MASSEY
Staff Reporte
For more than 25 years, students at the KU Medical Center have been participating in a program that until this decade has been taught by many medical schools in the United States.
Designed to allow students to train under a practicing physician outside medical school surroundings, preceptorship programs have become an important part of the curriculum at an increasing number of medical schools.
A preceptorship program was begun at the Med Center in 1851, and Ralph Reed, director of the Kansas preceptorship program, said recently that since about 1969, preceptorships have been one of the 'hottest tools' in medical education.
At the Med Center, the present four-week program is a graduation requirement that senior students usually take during the last months of their third calendar year of study.
THE REASON FOR this newfound interest, Reed explained, is that in the late 60's the federal government increased its investment in education, which included predecessor institutions.
This means that it follows two years of basic science courses and usually the 11-month clerkship period: 12 weeks in medicine and eight weeks each in surgery, pediatrics, psychiatry, and gynecology and obstetrics.
STUDENTS NOW take preceptorship in teams that range from less than 5,000 to more than 10,000.
The preceptorship program originally was limited to work with a practitioner in towns of less than 2,500 for three months. The length was eventually cut to two weeks and expanded to one month. Reed said that the program may again be expanded to two months.
They work with physicians whose specialties include: family practice, internal medicine, pediatrics, obstetrics and gynecology, general surgery, psychiatry, radiology, anesthesiology and orthopedic surgery, according to an article by Christiane Norrlinn, teaching assistant at Med Center of Calif. Chief for professional development at the County department of health in Fresno, Calif. The article appeared in the September 1976 issue of a Med Center publication, "Dialogue."
Another change was initiated in the program in 1972 when the Med Center developed a separate Department of Health, Education and Welfare (HEW) for starting a regionalized preceptorship program. Federal funding of the program has continued the last four years.
Today, six regions of preceptors have been designated: (1) Southeast, centered in Independence; (2) Northeast, centered in Hiawatha; (3) Manhattan area; (4)
Plainville area; (5) Beloit area; (6) South-central, centered in Harper.
The reason for the regionalization, Reed said, was to try to improve the communication and understanding between the region and the community, or general practitioners.
EACH OF THE regional groups of preceptors is required to form its own objectives for the program. Reed said, and to adopt the method of evaluation and supervision.
Essentially, the duties of the student, although they may vary, are to follow as closely as possible the day-to-day life of his preceptor and to observe and assist him in his duties. Sometimes the student lives with his preceptor.
Reed said the main objectives of the program were to give students practical and humanistic experience and to expose them to the needs of rural health care.
“There is a necessary schism between practicing physicians in the field and the academics of research projects and specialists.” Reed said “Preceptorships are a prerequisite for practice and knowledge required on a practical basis and test their theoretical knowledge.”
IN ADDITION, because the federal government has funded preceptorship programs, more interest has been shown in his ability to redistribute health manpower.
Reed said that even though he didn't emphasize this aspect of the program, many people thought that this was an imam problem. He also hoped to attract physicians to rural areas.
Rede said studies done in 1961 and in 1975 indicated that preceptuous ladies had little affect on their child's health.
"I think these studies are somewhat misleading," Reed said. "There are a number of things that influence what students do with their careers, and I think that as more research is done on this subject it will appear that preceptors have
ANOTHER IMPORTANT function of the preceptorship program is community-*
*involvement.*
at least something to do with it (manpower distribution)."
Preceptorships improve understanding between community and university (please contact).
Through interaction among the three groups involved in the precepterhips program-students, medical school faculty and practicing community physicians—both the educational and health care processes can be improved, Reed said.
Additional objectives of the preceptorship program include primary care, a practice that covers the general needs of entire families; community health resources; personal and social aspects of community health; and management of private office practice.
"We want to make students aware of the health care needs of a community, as well as the health care demands of that community." Reed said.
"THEY SHOULD be able to respond to these demands and become one of the best leaders in the world."
Despite the recent interest in preceptorship programs, Reed said, the preceptorship idea is the "oldest, yet newest" in the medical education.
Until the era of the modern medical school in the early part of this century, the concept of preceptorship was the basis of medical education. First taught by Hippocrates, a Greek physician who died in 357 B.C., preceptorship gradually gave way to the more formal education process that is currently being offered at University Wisconsin made a preceptorship program a mandatory part of its medical school curriculum.
A RAPID REVIVAL in preceptorship programs took place once federal money was available for medical education, Reed West offered a "new way" to best "wet" tools available to medical schools.
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