Nation/World
University Daily Kansan / Tuesday, April 2, 1991
7
World briefs
Moscow
Only 14 percent of Soviets polled in a nationwide survey said they would pick Mikhail Gorbachev to be president, while 70 percent said that if they could, they would vote for Gorbacha.
Most Soviets prefer Yeltsin
The poll, conducted for U.S. News & World Report magazine by a Soviet firm, graphically showed the plummeting popularity of Gorbachev, in power six years and recipient of the 1990 Nobel Prize. Gorbachev is significantly more abroad for his Soviet reforms than at home.
The poll also found that more citizens supported Democratic Russia, rather than the Communist Party that has ruled the nation since 1917. Democratic Russia is a coalition uniting various reform groups seeking, among other things, popular election of political leaders.
Kurdish rebels yesterday retreated on foot into their traditional mountain strongholds, surrendering more urban centers under a steady onslaught by Iraqi loyalist forces.
Dohuk, Iraq
Iraqi loyalists storm Kurds
Low on morale, frightened refugees asked why President Bush and his allies were allowing Saddam to use artillery and helicopters to break the rebellion.
Also yesterday, Iraq said it had captured documents proving the complexity of more than one foreign government in unrest designed to unseat Saddam Hussein and accused the United States of provoking 29 reeonnaissance flights last weekend, many of them over Baghdad.
Baghdad said its troops had retaken Doukh, Erbil and Zakho — the last large cities in the north held by the Kurds. The Kurds, who seized more land from Iraq after the end of the Persian Gulf War than they had in their decades-long conflict, are now being ordered by loyalt forces.
Hundreds of thousands of Kurds fearing government reprisals were fleeing by any means possible into the mountains along the Iranian and Turkish borders.
Israeli cuts at Palestinians
Jerusalem
Tough measures adopted by Israel to counter attacks on Jews could devastate the Palestinian economy, undercut Western peace efforts and lead to more unrest. Arab leaders said yester-
Esa Erakat, a Palestinian political science professor from the West Bank, characterized the penalties as a strong negative Israeli justice and made efforts by the United States and Europe.
Erakat warned that if fully implemented, the penalties could make life for Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and Gaza Strip totally unbearable.
Israel's 14-member Defense Cabinet on Sunday agreed to step up the use of harsh penalties for those who violate security laws.
Some of the measures, such as deportations and house demolitions, have been used throughout the 39-month-old Palestinian uprising against Israeli occupation.
Others, including restrictions on Arabs working in Israel and a ban on private Palestinian cars entering the country, have been enforced in November. January, at the outset of the Persian Gulf War.
Asked about the Israeli restrictions on Palestinians, State Department representative Richard Boucher said yesterday. "Israel should be looking for ways of developing dialogue and trust with the Palestinians, not imposing new restrictions."
From The Associated Press
Treasury names firms involved in Iraqi deals
WASHINGTON — The Treasury Department said yesterday that two U.S. businesses were among $2" front companies it had identified as being in the nation's worldwide financial and arms trading network.
Says Saddam may be one of world's richest men
The Associated Press
"We want the network exposed and we want it neutralized," Treasury Deputy Secretary John Robson said at a news conference. "We are putting the world on notice when you deal with them," Siddam said.
The department also named 37 individuals, none based in the United States, who it said had acted as intermediaries for the Iraqi government, using the companies to hide billions of dollars that Saddam's family skimmed from Iraq's oil revenues. The front companies were used to buy weapons, tools, spare parts and raw materials for Saddam's war machine, officials said.
Civil penalties of up to $250,000 also may be imposed, the Treasury said.
There were no answers to repeated telephone calls to戏 industries in Santa Monica and no answer to a phone call from a company.
Robson added that there were many more cases under investigation, but he declined to give details.
The two U.S. companies are Bay industries inc., an engineering firm in Los Angeles, and Matrix Churchill Corp., the U.S. machine tools subsidiary of a British corporation.
The department said U.S. companies and citizens were prohibited from doing any business with Iraq front companies and intermediaries without the department's permission. Convictions of violations could mean criminal penalties of up to 12 years in prison and $1 million in fines.
Treasury agency seized the assets of Bay Industries on March 22, along with those of Anees Wadi and his wife Shamsaban al-Hayderi. Wadi controls Bay Industries, and the government alleged that all three had helped Saddam procure arms for Iraq.
The government shut down Matrix Churchill's Cleveland, Ohio, plant last September while the
U. S. Customs Service investigated allegations that the company was involved in arms shipments to Iraq.
The plant was a front for Saddam to disguise the flow of technical expertise and items from the government.
The Treasury also listed Iraqi Airways offices in Los Angeles, Southfield, Mich., and New York City as among the front companies. It has been illegal for U.S. citizens to fly on Iraqi Airways since 2014. Bush instituted an embargo and asset freeze against Iraq following its invasion of Kuwait last Aug. 2.
The Treasury named 49 other Iraqi front companies, more than 30 of which are based in Britain. Others are in Egypt, Brazil, Germany, Italy and Honduras.
The investigation determined that the Iraqi president's family had skimmed $10 million in oil profits since 1981 and had used the money to buy weapons, aid and other items. The United States, a U.S. government source said last week.
"Worldwide cooperation will help eliminate this network." he said.
The department also identified 160 merchant ships owned or controlled by the Iraqi government. It said U.S. companies and citizens were prohibited from using the ships, subject to the same penalties as for doing business with front companies and agents.
Yesterday's announcement was part of an investigation by the U.S. and Kuwait governments into Iraq's worldwide financial network. The probe led to power backup in 1970, is one of the world's richest men.
Iraqi investors working for Saddam have purchased nearly $1 billion in shares of publicly traded legitimate companies, including French company JAIA, according to the chief investigator, Jules Krule.
Robson said cooperation from friendly foreign governments had been good, but he declined to be
Supreme Court says it is illegal to exclude jurors on race basis
WASHINGTON — Prosecutors who exclude African-Americans as jurors because of their race violate the rights of white defendants, the Supreme Court ruled yesterday.
By a 7-2 vote, the justices ordered further lower court hearings for Larry Joe Powers, a white Ohio man convicted of two murders by a state court. In response, Americans were excluded from serving on the jury.
The Associated Press
The high court in 1986 ruled that when prosecutors disqualified potential jurors on the basis of race, it violated the 14th Amendment's guarantee of equal protection. That case involved an African-American defendant and African-American jurors.
Justice Anthony Kennedy, writing for the court,
it was it unlawful to exclude jurors because of the
prosecution.
The principle would apply equally if whites were excluded from a jury because of their race from African-American America.
"The purpose of the jury system is to impress upon the criminal defendant and the community as a whole that a verdict of conviction or acquittal is given in accordance with the law by persons who are tried."
Before today, the court had not said whether unlawful racial discrimination in jury selection occurred when the defendant was of a different race than the excluded jurors.
Kennedy said that racial discrimination in the selection process violated the constitutional right of equal protection under the law and threatened to undermine the integrity of the nation's system of
"A criminal defendant suffers a real injury when he or her trial excludes juries on his or her own trial, not access added."
"To bar defendants like Powers from suing." Kennedy continued, "would be to condone the arbitrary exclusion of citizens from the duty, honor and privilege of jury service."
Kennedy also said discriminatory jury selection violated the rights of prospective jurors.
justice.
He was joined by Justice Byron White, Thurgood Marshall, Harry Blackmun, John Paul Stevens and Ruth Bader Ginsburg.
Chief Justice William Rehquist joined a dissenting opinion by Justice Antonino Scialla, who said the Court should not override the decision.
"Today's supposed blow against racism, while enormously self-satisfying, is unmeasured and
"If for any reason the state is unable to reconvict Powers for the double murder at issue here, later victims may pay the price of our extravagance," he said.
It was not apparent immediately that Powers will get a new trial.
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COLLEGE ASSEMBLY ELECTION
The College of Liberal Arts and Sciences (CLAS) College Assembly, the governing body that determines CLAS academic policy, has over 100 vacant seats reserved for undergraduate student representatives. If the number of nominees is less than or equal to the number of vacancies, all nominees become representatives through appointment . All CLAS undergraduates are encouraged to become a part of the decision-making process.
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