4A
1. 已知 $a, b$ 为正数，且 $a + b = 10$. 则 $ab = \underline{\quad}$.
2. 已知 $a, b$ 为正数，且 $a + b = 10$. 则 $ab = \underline{\quad}$.
3. 已知 $a, b$ 为正数，且 $a + b = 10$. 则 $ab = \underline{\quad}$.
4. 已知 $a, b$ 为正数，且 $a + b = 10$. 则 $ab = \underline{\quad}$.
NEWS
THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN MONDAY, DECEMBER 7, 2009
ALCOHOL (CONTINUED FROM 1A)
Andrew Hoxey/KAN5AN
to accept, but to encourage his excess.
Andrew Hoxey/KANSAN
The KU Peer Health Educators displayed information in Watson Library Wednesday on how to stay healthy during finals. The educators also work to educate students and dispel misinformation about alcohol.
Source: Kathryn Tuttle, associate vice provost
Do you drink? And if you do, how much do you consume? Incoming freshmen were surveyed during the 2009 orientation.
By the end of one semester, Ben began to realize his habits weren't normal. The parties, which he attended at first to socialize, had transformed solely into a means of getting drunk. His formerly easy-going personality turned to bitterness, and he started to withdraw even from friends and family.
"It went from like a bonfire to a forest fire," he said. "I was just high constantly, drunk constantly, whatever it was constantly. I was rarely going to class."
As Ben skipped classes, his grades deteriorated rapidly. His GPA plummeted from 3.0 in the fall to a 1.8 in the spring. Trust with friends broke down and relationships were shattered.
"I had no control of my actions anymore," Ben said. "It wasn't like I went out and tried to quit the next day, but that was my first glimpse. I definitely felt it physically, emotionally, spiritually — every single way I could."
NEWLY DISCOVERED DANGERS
Alcohol has a profound and dangerous effect on the personal lives and the academic lives of college students, said Sandra Brown, psychology professor and alcohol research specialist at the University of California in San Diego.
Binge drinking, she said, reduces the ability of adolescents and young adults to reason and lowers their ability to remember information by 10 percent. She said it also notably decreases the size of the frontal cortex and the hippocampus — two of the most crucial parts of the brain.
In addition to harming relationships, Brown said, students who binge drink are also inflicting severe damage to their brains.
Most alarming, she said, was that both damaging effects could result from as few as 100 episodes of legal intoxication, or drinking to a blood alcohol level of .08 percent.
Students who binge drink twice per week could suffer the harm in less than one year, she said.
In college, she said, she has had to clean vomit off her friends and keep vigil alongside them for hours they wouldn't ever remember.
"Teens who drink heavily, even if they've abstained for weeks, remember about 10 percent less of the information they learned just 20 to 30 minutes ago." Brown said. "If you are remembering about 10 percent less than your peers in the short run, that's going to have a cumulative effect over time, making school and learning new information more challenging."
A COMMON OCCURRENCE
"I've been affected in ways I don't wish upon anyone else," Williams said. "I have two beers or a beer and have a glass of water."
Emily Williams said this drinking-related decline in academic performance has occurred in the lives of a number of her friends. And witnessing their grades and other parts of their lives decline from drinking has influenced her decision not to drink excessively.
Williams, Overland Park graduate student, said she chooses to limit herself because she wants to save her friends and family the pain binge drinking has caused her. Since childhood, Williams said, alcoholism and binge drinking have polluted the closest circles in her life, starting in her family. She carries memories of members whose personalities would sour with each drink they downed.
But Williams said the decision she has made not to drink excessively in college has left her feeling somewhat isolated at times. On the nights when some of her friends would faded into stupors, sober students often seemed scarce and scattered.
More than half of all undergraduates at the University binge drink, according to a May 2008 report.
As a student who has struggled in the past with alcohol in the college culture, Ben worries that these students, like him, will become alcoholics.
Ben remembers being in denial of his dependence on drinking before he sought support. By the time he tried to find help the spring of his freshman year, he realized he had entrenched himself in his habit so deeply that that solutions wouldn't come easily.
"I tried doctors," Ben said. "I tried antidepressants, relationships, learning about it. Nothing really ever worked."
Ben said the college culture of excess made his efforts to quit drinking especially difficult his freshman year in Springfield, Mo. As he tried to break his addiction, he often felt like the only student his age at Missouri State trying to quit drinking.
"It was really tough." Ben said. "In that town, there wasn't anybody my age trying to get clean."
THE STUDENT IMPACT
Kathryn Tuttle, associate vice provost for student success, said she was worried
about how binge drinking had become especially rampant among freshmen.
She said the University has made new efforts this fall to combat binge drinking among all age groups, including a new mandatory alcohol course and a parent notification program. She said the University would expand those efforts to include an alcohol awareness presentation at the freshman orientation next summer
Of the incoming freshmen, 47 percent self-reported that already, every time they drank, they would "binge", or consume five or more drinks in one sitting. Tuttle said.
She said a 2009 survey of freshman at orientation raised new concerns by showing that students are coming to college with binge drinking habits.
But the University also has to reach out to the community and high schoolers in order to influence students before they bring more binge drinking to campus, said Marlesa Roney, vice provost of student success.
Roney said in order to reverse commonplace binge drinking practices, these
"It's an accepted part of our culture," Roney said. "Unless it results in death, it is often viewed as a positive. There's a Web site where it's a glorification, applauding people who are totally out of control and who have no idea what they're doing."
College wasn't always a culture of excess, Roney said. She went to college in the late '70s and finished her undergraduate degree in the early '80s. She said when she was in school the attitude toward alcohol was almost the opposite
steps would need to be joint efforts by both faculty and students.
A RELATIVELY RECENT PROBLEM
— binge drinking literally did not seem to exist, she said. She said the concept of drinking to the point of "blacking out," or not remembering parts of the night, was unthinkable.
"It was a very different kind of situation where most people, if they got drunk, it was not intentional." Roney said.
Roney said she began to see the influences of a budding binge drinking culture
"Teens who drink heavily, even if they've abstained for weeks, remember about 10 percent less of the information they learned just 20 to 30 minutes ago."
when she served as a chapter advisor to a sorority at Purdue University. She said exactly one decade after she graduated she realized a more serious problem was arising.
"What I began to hear more in the early 90s in my role as a chapter advisor in a sorority in Purdue was, 'I want to go out and get drunk tonight.' Roney said. "By the '90s there was an intent to get drunk."
Roney said she watched that problem slowly deteriorate in the subsequent decade into the current life-threatening culture.
SANDRA BROWN Research specialist
John Drees, an registered nurse at Lawrence Memorial Hospital, said he noticed the growing popularity of extremely excessive drinking through the 10 years he spent working in the hospital emergency room.
"Now, from what I hear from students, there is actually an intent to get black out drunk," Roney said.
Every year at the hospital, Drees said, the number of alcohol poisoning cases increases, and from 2000 to 2008, it shot up by 59 percent. By 2008, he said more than 1,500 patients came in for an alcohol related health problem, 600 of whom were KU students. Drees said the most common age of alcohol poisoning patients was 18, the same as a typical college freshman.
"Most of the times they didn't set out that night to end up in the emergency department." Drees said. "Their idea was to have fun, but unfortunately, they're not having fun."
Patty Quinlan, supervisor of nursing at the Watkins Health Center, said she has noticed the widespread culture of alcohol abuse on campus from the students come in needing an IV or other treatment after heavy episodes of drinking.
He said the biggest problem arose when the culturally prescribed idea of fun became overindulgence.
"If someone has one drink it's usually not a problem," Drees said. "It's when someone has 18 drinks or 21 drinks on their 21st birthday. They're overdosing is what they're doing."
She said she was even more concerned that almost none of these students seemed to consider the future health implications of their binge drinking.
Students have not only been ignoring personal risks when it comes to alcohol, but they have also been endangering others by climbing behind the wheel after they binge drink, said Michael Monroe, Lawrence Police Department sergeant. He said that this fall, despite a stretched police force, officers have handed out more OUI, or Operating Under the Influence, charges in Lawrence than in most previous semesters.
"Usually college-aged students don't think about when they're in their 50s or 60s or beyond," Quinlan said.
"We didn't pull anyone out of there to make up for our other shortages of manpower," Monroe said, of the officers who patrol for drunk drivers. "We really try to focus on that."
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@KANSAN.COM
Go to Kansan.com for a quiz on how different drinks affect blood-alcohol levels.
Tuttle said, in addition to the short-term dangers associated with excessive drinking, the effect brain damage from binge drinking can have on academics has also been a concern of hers.
THE UNNOTICED EFFECTS
She said the latest KU alcohol report showed approximately two thirds of KU students admitted to consuming five or more consecutive drinks at least once in the past month, a statistic nearly double the 37 percent national average for college students.
"Binge drinking over a regular period of time can affect your cognition, it can affect your memory, it can affect your attention." Tuttle said. "It can cause impaired decision making."
Brown said the amount of decline — 10 percent in mental functioning — should cause extra alarm among college students. In college, she said, 10 percent could mean the difference between an A student and B student or a B student and a C student.
"When you think about your life as a college student, that's kind of right where it is, whether or it's simply managing those skills in an exam or in a paper."
"It's clear that alcohol produces problems that we can measure more easily than we've been able to manage with marijuana use," Brown said. "It may be that it affects the brain in ways other than we're measuring, but certainly we're able to measure the problems more definitively than the thinking problems associated with marijuana."
And evidence for the damage seems clear. Already approximately 25 percent of college students nationwide have self-attributed a poorer personal performance in school because of excessive drinking, according to the National Institute on National Abuse and Alcoholism.
She also said harm of that degree, despite popular belief, has proven to be even more significant than damage from marijuana use.
"That's the danger of this," Brown said. "It's very subtle and its gradual. It's really that you probably may not end up performing to your full capability rather than you look like you have severe brain damage."
Brown also said the actual figure of academically affected students was likely much higher than estimated because the decline in cognition often goes unnoticed by heavy drinkers.
AN UPHILL BATTLE
Fighting the effects of rampant binge drinking on campus, especially through
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