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Friday, May 4, 1990 / University Daily Kansan
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Singapore fears attack
Stable state to build more bomb shelters
The Associated Press
SINGAPORE — Much of the world plans reductions in military spending, but Singapore, a thriving city-state with no apparent enemies, is building more bomb shelters.
About 200 shellers and the same number of air raid sirens will be built in the next year. Singapore should be ready for its first nationwide drill in 1992, said Shanmugam Jagakumar, home minister.
"The more shelters, the better," he said. "This will mean more protection for the public."
Southeast Asia has been among the world's more stable regions recently, but government leaders insist that security is still a problem despite the improvement in U.S.-Soviet relations.
"If the United States significantly cuts back its military forces in the region, this will not be a signal for Singapore also to reduce our forces," he said. "It will be reason for concern over a potentially destabilizing change in the regional balance of power."
Lee addressed Parliament as second defense minister. He also has the trade and industry portfolios viewed as a future prime minister.
Singapore is the only country in the region that openly backs continued U.S. military presence. Officials in several other capitals express private support but public non-alignment.
That will not change even if the superpowers reduce their military forces in the region, said Lee Hsien Kim, a spokesman of Prime Minister Lee Kuan Yew.
"Except for Singapore, the nations of Southeast Asia think the American security shield will stand forever, regardless of what
"They can boast of their non-aligned purity while reaping the harvest made possible by the American military." Schreeder
they do," said Rep. Patricia Schroeder, D-Colo., leader of a House Armed Services Committee delegation that toured Southeast
If the United States cannot renew the leases on the Philippine bases and is forced to leave, it will need help from friends in the region, she said. Singapore has offered the United States greater access to its air and naval facilities.
In his speech to Parliament, Lee said the government would not cut defense spending, reduce the armed forces or end compulsory military training, whatever the United States did.
Singapore is about the size of Chicago, with no natural resources except a strategic location between the Pacific and Indian Oceans and the skills of its 2.8 million people who account for 40 percent of whom are ethnic Chinese.
The army, navy and air force have 55,000 regulars and conscripts plus about 200,000 reserves. Analysts rate the Singapore armed forces among the best trained and equipped in the region.
Because it is so small, Singapore often holds major military exercises in Brunei, Taiwan or elsewhere.
It conducts bilateral maneuvers with other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations — Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Sri Lanka but ASEAN as a whole does not function as a military alliance.
"No other ASEAN country is slashing its defense expenditures, demobilizing its armed forces or
acting on the assumption that it no longer faces any external pressures, we told Parliament, "It would be foreworded for Singapore to do so alone."
Singapore is in the Five Power Defense Agreement with Australia, Great Britain, Malaysia and New Zealand. The 1971 pact provides for consultation and cooperation among members if Singapore or Malaysia is attacked or threatened.
Defense spending is about 6 percent of Singapore's gross national product, which means the country pays 1.9 billion in the current budget.
U. S. defense spending in 1988 was 6.1 percent of the gross national product, or $293.1 billion.
Some defense funds go to a domestic arms industry that has grown so fast that it now seeks export orders and diversification.
The industry was started less than 20 years ago and, included more than 40 companies under the Singapore Technologies umbrella. The government-backed companies evolved from make to market businesses designing howitizers and upgrading jet fighters.
Singapore's total defense plan was drafted in 1983, while Vietnamese military forces occupied Cambodia. The plan aimed to civilian population with the military in a national emergency.
The first air raid drill sent 3,000 volunteers swarming into a new subway station in 1988.
Nine underground stations have been fortified to shelter 100,000 people. Shelters also are being built in schools, hospitals and other public facilities.
Other civil defense training covers rescue methods, blood donation, mobilization of private motor vehicles, and distribution of food and water.
Volcano vents its frustrations on worried Hawaii residents
The Associated Press
KALAPANA, Hawalii — Hawaiians stood by stolically yesterday morning as the angry volcano goddess Pete was calling out to the heart of this dying coastal town.
It may be foolish to deny the natural process that created Klauea Volcano and now pumps tons of molten lava from it, but it's just as easy to do with the volcanic Madame Pele. Like the volcano, she is respected for her awesome power.
The goddess' large presence in Hawaiian folklore shows how much respect the Hawaiian people have for their land, a product of ancient volcanic eruptions. Many kaimanaa, or local residents, don't worship Pete exclusively, but pay homage to her for the beauty they live in.
“It’s more a respect for the land and the volcano than a religion,” said Reggie Okamura of the National Volcano Observatory. “I have some belief. It is inherent to anyone born and raised here.”
Legend says if Pfele is not shown proper respect through the bestowing of gifts, or if people try to ruin the gift, you can hear the rear out of Kilpaes to vent her wrath.
the number burned down since Kiliaea began erupting in January 1983.
Ed Lorena has lived in the shadow of Kiliaue Volcano most of his 60 years and watched, along with others, as homes have been torched by the fiery lava. Five homes were destroyed Tuesday, bringing to 128
Several more homes were in danger of falling Wednesday. The volcano, about six miles away, has sent spewed lava to within less than 720 yards of the heart of the town: the Kalanaan Store and Drive-In.
More than 50 were destroyed in the past month. In this community alone, where 125 homes stood, only 33 homes remain.
Lorenz, a believer in Pele's power,
said the goddess was as angry as he'd
ever seen.
"If she wasn't mad, she wouldn't damage any houses," Lorenz said. "I've seen a lot of flows, but this is one of the worst."
Lorenz said Pole is upset with real
Lorenz developers, geothermal
energy drivers and mariguna grow-
ers in the land and not offering
her saffrances.
The east side of Hawaii Island is one of the few remaining places in the state where land is reasonably flat, and many are looking to settle here.
Geothermal companies are drilling in the Wao Kele O Puna rain forest, looking to convert heat from the volcano into energy. Many say Pale will not stop her destructive ways until geothermal exploration stops.
"They're growing pakolo (mariuana) and making big money off her
land," Lorenz said. "Now she's taking it all away.
"How many millions of dollars are they making and they're not going to offer 'her nothing.'
Walter Yamaguchi, who owns the Kalapa Store and Drive-In, makes food offerings to Pete daily. His store is often spared on several previous flowers.
"Let her take it if she wants it," said Yamaguchi, 82. "She can do what she wants. It's hers if she wants it."
Even Gov. John Wathee, who toured the area Tuesday, said the fate of Kalanana is in Pete's hands.
"Nobody can tell Madame Pele when it all ends," the governor said. "Nobody can tell her what to do."
Legend also says Pele gets upset when people try to run away from her and that she will find and destroy them.
This doesn't seem to scare officials at Star of the Sea Church. Workers are preparing to relocate the pained church" from destruction.
Not all in the congregation want to move the church. It says it say a lack of faith by the congregation and a lack of respect for Pele.
In contrast, the Kalapana Mauna Loa Congregation Church, originally built in the 1800s and located at its present site next to the store for 102 years, is not moving.
Communist emblem supported in Austria
The Associated Press
VIENNA, Austria — Communist symbols are vanishing from Eastern Europe, but Austria is keeping its hammer and sickle.
But the hammer and sickle had nothing to do with communism when the symbol was adopted.
Because neighboring nations in the crumbling Soviet bloc have been stripping wool sheaves, red stars and other Communist symbols from their coats of arms, the question also arose in Austria.
In 1919, Austrian legislators met in Vienna to create a republic from the ruins of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. They adopted a coat of arms in which the Austrian eagle expressed commitment to the community holding it in his hands. The hammer for workers and a sickle for farmers.
In 1945, Parlament voted to add broken shackles dangling from the eagle's legs, symbolizing release from Nazi domination.
The debate about what to do now has grown so both inside and outside of Parliament.
Popular sentiment appears to be against removing the implements from the eagle's claws. Of 24 letters from readers printed in March by the tabloid Kurier, only five were in favor of removing them.
Josef Riegler, one of the five, said: "Even during my first visits abroad after World War II . . . I was often asked whether the Soviet occupiers had forced us to include the hammer and sickle in our state emblem. I heard several questions later from visitors to Vienna."
Some of those opposed to change expressed anger at what they considered an attempt by politicians to magnify a small issue.
Others, like Brigitte Michalko, were defiant.
"Those who considered Us Communists up to now because of our coat of arms can continue to do so as far as I care." she said.
The broken chains added to the existing confusion. Some saw them as an echo of the Communist Manifesto, which exhorts the proletariat to rise because there is nothing to lose but the chains.
In February, the right-leaning Freedom Party began efforts in Parliament to discard the hammer and sickle.
The party's resolution said they were symbols for contempt of humanity, death camps and suppression. If they remain on the national emblem, it said, Austria would be the only non-communist country in Europe whose state symbol symbolizes communism.
Although the measure received wide publicity, it initially was considered more symbolic than serious. The Freedom Party has only 18 members in the 183-seat chamber, and few people thought the motion would receive the necessary two-thirds vote.
The issue gained extra weight when a group of legislators from the Austrian People's Party, partner with the Socialists in the governing coalition, presented a similar motion.
Sides were taken. The People's Party split on the issue, and the Socialists opposed any change.
Felix Ernacura, a sponsor of the People's Party motion, said in an interview that changing the emblem avoids misunderstandings abroad.
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