6
NATION/WORLD
Tuesday, October 19, 1993
UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
Shuttle crew to research effects of space sickness
The Associated Press
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — Columbia and its seven astronauts blasted off on a belated mission yesterday, carrying 48 rats that will be poked, prodded and in some cases decapitated by guillotine and dissected in orbit.
The astronauts quickly got started on their 14 days of space checkups, drawing blood from one another, measuring their blood pressure and noting any symptoms of motion sickness.
The mission — the longest ever planned for a space shuttle — is intended to help scientists develop measures for counteracting the debilitating effects of space travel.
Astronaut-physician David Wolf was the first one to enter the pressurized laboratory module in the cargo bay, followed by the crew's other medical doctor. M. Rhea Seddon.
This is only the second mission in 58 shuttle trips focused entirely on medical research.
Scientists say they need more information before they can draw any conclusions about avoiding such effects of space travel as shriveled muscles, weakened bones and immune systems and space motion sickness.
Martin Fettman, the first U.S. veteri-
narian in space, is in charge of the
rats, the most that have ever flown on a shuttle.
Throughout the mission, Fettman and the others will draw blood from the 2- to 3-month-old male rodents, inject them with radioactive isotopes and hormones and collect the animal droppings to measure calcium content, an indicator of bone loss.
At the end of the flight, the rats will dissected and their organs preserved for post-flight analysis.
Biologists say the only way to know exactly how weightlessness affects creatures is to dissect them before they're re-exposed to gravity.
WASHINGTON—An unusually cold Antarctic winter and the continuing presence of chlorine in the atmosphere combined to produce record-low levels of ozone over the Antarctic this year, scientists said yesterday.
The Associated Press
The ozone hole is not quite as large as last year's record-breaker, scientists said. It covers 9 million square miles. In 1992, the hole was more than 9.4 million square miles.
Antarctica has a surface area of 5.4 million square miles.
Scientists say ozone hole has shrunk
"The chlorine is there because of humans, but nature occasionally causes the Antarctic winter to be colder than others," said David J. Hoffman, senior scientist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration monitoring laboratory in Boulder, Colo.
"The phenomenon of converting manmade chlorine to forms which destroy the ozone is worse in some years," he said. Temperatures over the South Pole usually start moderating in August, he added, but this year
The low levels were recorded at the end of September and early October, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and NOAA said.
the cold extended into September.
Ozone is a thin layer of the atmosphere that absorbs harmful ultraviolet radiation from the sun.
"Balloon-borne measurements indicated that ozone was totally destroyed between the altitudes of 8.4 and 11.8 miles, creating an ozone void 3.4 miles thick." NASA said. 311
Hoffman said that as long as there was a combination of high chlorine concentrations and unusual cold "you can expect to be setting new records every once in a while."
He said cold temperatures were probably the most important part of ozone depletion and that unusual cold caused an extension of the hole in an upward direction to about 12.5 miles altitude. Sulfur residues from the 1991 eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in the Philippines, he said, contributed to ozone depletion at lower altitudes.
FORT KNOX' Ky.
Gunman kills three injures two civilians in Ft. Knox rampage
A man went on a shooting rampage yesterday at a Fort Knox training center, killing three civilians and wounding two others, authori- ties said.
A man described as a suspect in the shootings later wounded himself at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center in Louisville, a homicide detective said.
All five shooting victims were civilian employees at the Army base, said Army Pfc. William Lurwick.
The Army did not give any other information about the shootings or a possible motive.
Fort Knox officials issued a bulletin for a man whose address was listed in nearby Radcliff.
The search for the gunman later led to the VA medical center in Louisville, more than 40 miles away.
THE NEWS in brief
"The man who was found here in a bathroom is a suspect in the multiple homicide from Fort Knox," said Lt. Gene Sherrard, chief homicide detective for the Louisville Police Department.
The man was described as in critical condition. Sherrard said the suspect was an outpatient at the VA hospital.
The two wounded were taken to University Hospital in Louisville where a representative, Gayle Jewitt, said they were in critical condition and undergoing surgery for chest wounds.
Lurwick identified the injured as Roger Saltman and Judy Nemec.
Fort Knox, with 32,000 military and civilian employees, also is an Army tank training center.
Fort Knox is home of the nation's gold repository. Lurwick said the Training Support Center is about three miles from the repository. It supplies classroom equipment to the base.
JERUSALEM Syria wary of direct talks
Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin on Sunday said progress with Syria could only be made in
U. S. shuttle diplomacy may replace the next round of Mideast peace talks because Syria doesn't want to negotiate directly with Israel, an Israeli official said today.
Two officials said talks tentatively set for Oct. 25 in Washington have been put off because Syria said it would not attend them. Instead Secretary of State Warren Christopher was expected in the region next month for a possible mission, one of the officials said.
direct meetings such as those that led to Israel's Sept. 13 accord with the PLO.
Syria's foreign minister, Farouk al-Sharpa,
said over the weekend that Damascus no longer felt obliged to coordinate a joint stand with other Arabs after the PLO's separate accord with Israel. But Syria is also wary of direct talks with Israel. $^{40}$
"The Syrians are having problems with being told now that the only way to tie the knot is to directly approach Israel," said Yossi Olmert, a Mideast expert.
Negotiations have deadlocked over Damascus' demand that Israel return the entire Golan Heights before it signs a peace pact. Israel wants a Syrian commitment to full diplomatic relations before it will negotiate its withdrawal from the strategic plateau.
TOPEKA
Graves declares candidacy
Promising a leaner state government, Secretary of State Bill Graves yesterday declared his candidacy for Republican nomination for governor in 1994.
nomination, although former state Sen. Fred Kerr, an agribusinessman from Pratt, plans to announce its candidacy on Nov. 2.
Graves, 40, became the first formally declared candidate for the GOP gubernatorial
Graves is a native of Salina, where his family operated Graves Truck Lines for nearly 50 years, and is a 1975 graduate of Kansas Wesleyan University in Salina.
He said his priorities, if elected, would be education, improved economic opportunities, and "an accountable government that recognizes it cannot be all things to all people and cannot grow faster than the economy that supports it."
Others actively seeking the GOP nomination are Lenexa Mayor Rich Becker and Pittsburg businessman Gene Bicknell.
U. S. Rep. Jim Slattery of Topeka formally declared his candidacy for the Democratic nomination shortly after incumbent Democrat Gov. Joan Finney announced in early September that she would not seek re-election. Other Democrats already campaigning are former House Speaker Marvin Barkis of Louisburg and Rep. Joan Wagnon of Topeka.
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