VOL.100.NO.91
THE UNIVERSITY DAILY KANSAN
THE STUDENT NEWSPAPER OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSA SAS
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MONDAY, FEB. 12, 1990
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South Africa's changing tide
South Africa
Violence, joy mark Mandela's release
The Associated Press
CAPE TOWN, South Africa — Nelson Mandela walked through a prison gate to freedom yesterday, setting off joyous celebrations and violent clashes as Blacks nation-wide welcomed their leader back from 27 years in jail.
"Comrades and fellow South Africans, I greet you all in the name of peace, democracy and freedom for all." Mandela told tens of thousands of cheering supporters who thronged outside City Hall at twilight, many getting their first look at the African National Congress leader.
Nelson and Winnie Mandela celebrate in front of a lubilant crowd. Mandela said factors that caused armed conflicts in the past still existed.
"I stand here before you not as a prophet, but as a humble servant of you the people," he said.
AP photo
- Some whites hope for peace p. 6
- Monster may kill p. 6
In his suit and tie, Mandela looked much more a politician than a guerrilla leader. His elderly appearance probably shocked many South Africans, the majority of whom were born after Mandela was last seen publicly in 1964
Mandela has clearly lost weight since the 1960s; both his face and his body are leaner than when he was a sturdily built boxer decades ago. At 71, his face is creased with two thick lines that frame his strong, confident smile.
"Today, the majority of South Africans, Black and white, recognize that apartheid has no future. It has to be ended by our decisive mass action. We have waited too long for our freedom," he said in a roaring half-hour speech frequently interrupted by roars of "Viva!"
Violence broke out about the same time Mandela's motorcade arrived in Cape Town from Victor Verster prison. Police said a Black looter was shot to death by officers, and first aid workers said more than 100 people were injured when riot police fired shotguns after groups of Black youths smashed shop windows in the city center.
Some youths retaliated by hurling bottles at the officers. Hundreds of terrified people waiting to hear Mandela ran for cover as police fired blasts of shotgun pellets
Clashes between police and celebrating Blacks were reported in at least two other areas, including the tribal homeland of Ciskei, where hospital officials said police shot three people to death and wounded 20.
In Natal Province, where ANC supporters have been feuding with a more conservative Black group, police said 12 Blacks were killed in factional fighting yesterday. It was a harsh reminder of the bitter feuds involving Black factions who disagree on the best way to fight for equality.
A thunderous cheer went up as the white-haired man who was the world's most famous prisoner walked hand-in-hand with his wife, Winnie, through the gate of Victor Verster prison in Paarl. 35 miles from Cape Town.
See MANDELA, p. 6
Under a brilliant blue sky, the Mandelas gave clenched-fist salutes to the hundreds of supporters who
Release evokes conflicting views
By Jonathan Plummer
Kansan staff writer
Campus reaction to yesterday's release of African National Congress leader Nelson Mandela varied as people waited to see what would happen next.
people Arthur Drayton, professor of African and African-American Studies, said Mandela's speech yesterday, in which he said the struggle for equality among South Africans must continue, summed up Drayton's feelings well.
Drayton said he thought Mandela's role would be decided by the present leaders of the ANC.
"The one thing Mandela will not do is step out," he said. "I think the ANC will use his tremendous image, but what one will not find will be Mandela stepping forward
and assuming the role of negotiator. "
Saurendra Bhana, associate professor of history who was born in South Africa, said, "You can't believe how happy I feel. But at the same time, I feel that I have to be cautious because it's a long road ahead."
Bhana said that he applauded South African President F. W. de Klerk's release of Mandela, but that he did not think the president had much of a choice because of foreign economic pressures.
"Sanctions had enormous influence on this whole process. If he was going to salvage anything from this situation, he had to do it now."
"I think it took enormous courage," he said of de Klerk's action. "Not a single one of his predecessors thought about taking such a bold step.
Members of Students Against Apartheid, a campus organization, agreed that sanctions were forcing change in South Africa.
John Lewis, a member of the group, said that many programs of divestment were five-year programs that began gradually and had been exerting a growing pressure on South Africa.
"No matter what's done politically, it's still economics that changes things," said Lewis, Kansas City, Kan., junior.
Michael Willis, Lawrence sophomore, also a group member, agreed.
"It's positive for their economic reasons," she said. "The people will say, 'Look what they've done over there. Let's leave our company there.' "
Students could lose work hours
Senate's proposal would hurt libraries most
By Kathryn Lancaster and Pam Soliner
Kansas staff writers
A higher minimum wage and lack of state financing would cause a reduction in the number of hours students can work on campus, KU officials said Friday.
If the situation worsens, KU libraries would consider staying open fewer hours, said Jim Ranz, dean of libraries.
On Thursday, a Senate Ways and Means subcommittee recommended no increase in financing for student positions at Regents
The federal minimum-wage law, which will take effect April 1, compounds problems at the University of Kansas.
$3.80, said Judith Ramaley, executive vice chancellor. In April 1991, the minimum wage will increase to $4.25.
KU will comply with the minimum-wage standards, increasing hourly wages from $3.35 an hour to
Ramalay estimated that without increased financing, the number of hours students could work would decrease 15 to 20 percent.
Kathleen Neeley, head of the Science libraries, said, "This is a serious problem for students who cannot get jobs. Next year it will
be much greater."
University officials are worried that proposed legislative cuts in higher education spending could jeopardize the University's 1981 budget.
Ranz said that if all library allocations remained constant, the increased minimum wage would cost the libraries 12,834 student hours this year. In 1991, they would lose an additional 15,555 hours.
The KU libraries, one of the
See LIBRARY, p. 5
Controversy clouds knockout of Tyson
Long count protest leaves heavyweight title decision in limbo
The Associated Press
Hours after underdog Douglas' 10th-round knockout, the World Boxing Council and World Boxing Association suspended the result pending investigation of a long
TOKYO — Buster Douglas, a 29-year-old boxer from Columbus, Ohio, knocked out Mike Tyson on Saturday in a world championship heavyweight bout with no winner, no loser and a long count controversy.
Mike Tyson
count protest by Tyson's promoter,
Don King.
Doug Tyson, knocked out for the first time in his professional career, said he's still the champion.
"I knocked him out before he knocked me out." Tyson said.
Douglas also claimed the champ
Because of an error by referee Octavio Meyran, Douglas was on the canvas for 12 seconds after Tyson knocked him down in the eighth round. Two rounds later, Douglas knocked out Tyson with a five-punch combination.
"Just call it a victory for the small man," he said.
"There is no champion before Feb. 20," said WBC president Jose Sulaiman of Mexico. The WBC will meet the United States City to settle the controversy.
ionship.
Only the International Boxing Federation, which sanctioned the bout as a championship match, said Douglas was the winner. The IBF, however, isn't recognized by the Japan Boxing Commission.
"When there are problems, a rematch is absolutely mandatory."
Sulaiman suggested one course the two governing bodies may take.
Douglas' disputed victory has created a wide-open heavyweight division that for three years had been the personal domain of Tyson, who was 37-0 with 33 knockouts.
"There's nothing wrong with losing," Tyson said at the post-fight news conference. "I can handle a loss, but I want to lose fairly."
"I wasn't really hurt." Doughas said. "When I looked up the count was at six, I got up between seven and eight. I clearly heard eight."
Douglas was upright at nine, but by then the timekeeper had to told 10, although Meyran — who failed to pick up the timekeeper's count — didn't know that. He motioned for the two boxes to resume fighting, then the bell rang.
Douglas was felled in the eighth round by a right uppercut to the jaw.
Contrary to the old saying, the bell cannot save a fighter. It isn't rung if a fighter is down past the three-minute limit of the round.
Douglas hurt Tyson three or four times in the ninth round, and by the end of the round, Tyson's left eye was closed.
Just past the minute mark of the 10th round, Douglas landed a five-punch combination, with the key blows being a right upper-cut, a left and a right to the jaw — and Tyson went down and was counted out.
The most famous long count in boxing history took place in a bout between Jack Dempsey and Gene Tunney on Sept. 22, 1927, at Chicago's Soldier Field.
The newly adopted knockdown rule required the standing fighter to go to the farthest neutral corner before the count would start.
After six rounds, Dempsey, seeking to regain the title he lost to Tunney a year earlier, toppled his opponent with a barrage of punches but went to the wrong corner, using up five seconds before he moved to the proper corner.
Fourteen seconds later, Tunny got up and went on to win a unanimous decision for the 10-round fight.
Out-of-state borrowers boost state default rate
By Steve Bailey
Kansan staff writer
A recent study showing Kansas as the nation's leader in student loan default rates does not mean that students at Kansas schools default on loans any more than students in other states.
In fact, much of the high default rate can be attributed to students who have borrowed money from Kansas lending institutions but never have gone to school in Kansas, said Richard Hawk, chairman of the Higher Education Assistance Foundation.
Hawk said the study in no way tarnished Kansas students.
"The report does not show that students in Kansas default on loans more than in other states," Hawk said. "The percentage in the study is the default rate of lenders."
Hawk's foundation is a national private student loan guarantee agency and the primary agency for Kansas lenders. Kansas is one of eight states that contracts with private agencies. Other states rely on state-run management organizations.
According to the study, the research did not reflect the number of students at Kansas schools that defaulted on loans.
Alden Shields, foundation vice president, said that if a student from New York received a loan from a lending institution in Kansas and defaulted, it would add to the Kansas default rate.
The study, prepared by Pelavin Associates Inc., a research firm in Washington D.C., found Kansas to have a 17.8 percent default rate in 1989, which was the highest rate in the United States. The national average was 4.2 percent.
Lenders.
'The report does not show that students in Kansas default on loans more than in other states. The percentage in the study is the default rate of lenders.'
Richard Hawk
Chairman, Higher Education Assistance Foundation
"It is absolutely fair to say that if you look at the default rates of Kansas schools, Kansas would be below the national average," Shields said.
One explanation for the high default rate could be the volume of out-of-state loans from Kansas lending institutions, Hawk said. A large proportion of these loans are given to students at trade schools and two-year colleges.
"On the average, the default rate of trade school loans is about triple of those to four-year institutions," he said. "For two-year schools, the average is about double."
In 1988, the Bank of Horton, the second largest U.S. lending institution for student loans, loaned $398 million in student loans. Hawk said a large percentage of those loans was to trade schools.
"When you have a lender with a high volume that relies heavily on trade schools, that has to skew the overall numbers," Hawk said.
The bank, about 45 miles northwest of Kansas City, Kan., does business with schools and students throughout the country. In December, only 4.4
See DEFAULT, p. 5