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Monday, December 4, 1989 / University Daily Kansan
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Kansas Union
Booklet reminds scientists of ethics
By Travis Butler
Kansan staff writer
This spring, two Utah researchers made big headlines by proclaiming their achievement of cold fusion, promising cheap, virtually unlimited energy. Eight months later, most authorities say that the cold fusion claims were greatly overstated, if not completely valueless.
The cold fusion story is an example of problems that have prompted a renewed interest in scientific ethics, especially in the educational arena. In concert with this interest, the author has published a new booklet for students and faculty, titled "On Being a Scientist."
"I think it's a good idea," said Lester Mitscher, chairman of the department of medicinal chemistry. "It helps from time to time to have a public reminder. We tend to take for granted that everyone has absorbed this material."
from the nature of science itself. The work of a typical scientist is built upon that of his predecessors, just as others will probably build on his work. Thus, there is a great concern for the accuracy and reliability of scientific results, and those who soilly these results are usually ostracized.
The booklet lists many concerns for ethical scientists. Many arise
"You're held to a very high standard. Once you've lost the confidence of your peers, you've lost almost all influence and makes it worthwhile to be aignant."
"The key is, you have to have an implicit trust in each other," Mitscher said. "Anyone who doesn't meet that standard is expelled.
The book divides faculty results into two classes: those caused by human error and those caused by deliberate fraud. One of the causes of both is the pressure - real or perceived - for results and published articles.
"Some scientists may feel that the pressures on them are an inducement to speed rather than care," the booklet stated. "They may believe, for instance, that they have to cut
corners to compile a long list of publications. But sacrificing quality to such pressures is likely to have a detrimental effect on a person's career."
Michael Gaines, director of the undergraduate biology program, was more blunt.
"I tikh you could make a real fool of yourself if you go out without appeasement. You come home with the fraud is motivated by the pressure to publish or perish."
Gaines said, "That's more common than intentional fraud."
Another cause of unintentional error, the booklet stated, is a conscious or unconscious bias on the part of the researcher. The researcher may expect a certain result from an experiment and will unconsciously dismiss data that doesn't support that result.
tries to repeat or build on an experiment.
Mitscher said, "It's stupid to falsify. There is no way to perpetrate that kind of crime and get away with it."
Gaines said, "Generally, if the research is important, it will be repeated and any fraud will be discovered. Basically, science is self-policing."
It's important to talk about these issues with students, he said.
"It's like providing a booklet on academic behavior," Gaines said. "It's important for students to get this kind of reinforcement, the earlier, the better."
Mitscher suggested that interested people might want to read a recent novel on the subject. "Castor's Dilemma," by Carl D Jeriaser, is a story about a Nobel Prize-winning scientific team that discovers some problems with their experimental data.
Historic stone-arch bridge to be preserved for future
Citizens fighting for the preservation of a 1913 stone bridge in southern Douglas County were pleased when the bridge was made a state historic structure Saturday.
Kansan staff writer
By Dave Wakefield
"It goes into these issues in some depth, in a readable way," he said.
The Chicken Creek Bridge, about seven miles southwest of Lawrence, had been slated for demolition earlier this fall, but county commissioners postponed action pending Saturday's hearing by the historic sites board of review.
By winning the historic designation for the bridge, proponents of preservation gained additional protection for the bridge. By state law, the bridge cannot be torn down or modified without approval from the state historic sites review board.
Martha Parker, Director of the Clinton Lake Museum, said, "I am pleased. I had really hoped it would be saved. It is just such a beautiful structure."
structure has been named a bridge for historic classification purposes, said Margaret Hagedorn-Krass, architectural historian of the Kansas State Historical Society. The bridge's span of 19 feet is one of the longest and a bridge under Kansas Department of Transportation guidelines.
County commissioners must now decide whether to repair the bridge or build a bypass structure. According to estimates by the county engineer, repairing the bridge would cost less than a bypass structure.
Although technically a culvert by today's standards, the stone-arch
The bridge is the best remaining example of stone-arch construction in Douglas County, Dennis Domer, associate dean of architecture, said last month.
Frank Hempen, Douglas County director of public works recommended demolition of the bridge because it was too narrow for modern farm equipment and because deterioration of the stone work had made the structure unsafe, he said.
The Commission will discuss the bridge this week at its Wednesday meeting.
Proponents of historic preservation in Douglas County say preservation of the bridge will help bolster their efforts to save other structures.
"If we can find some way to make people aware of historic things, there won't always have to be a last-ditch attempt to save things," Parker said. "People do have an interest in preserving things if they are made aware of them."
Domer said, "Without a preservation plan for Douglas County, we are going to lose hundreds of structures. We have already lost hundreds of irreplaceable structures of historic significance.
The biggest problems are the lack of any preservation plan for the county and the lack of an inventory of historic sites in the county, she said.
"Most people, when informed about what exists in the county, are steadfastly opposed to tearing historic structures down."
Tiananmen may have caused reforms
"Their deaths perhaps prevented the deaths of their brothers in East
The Associated Press
Germany," he said.
Shen, 21, founded a student group called the Olympic Institute. He fled China in June, just days after the massacre in Beijing's Tiananmen Square.
Shen said the resistance movement is still active in China, but horrors continue.
Shen Tong, speaking to about 200 people at William Jewell College, said the deaths that occurred during attacks on Chinese protesters and the subsequent outrage from around the world may have prevented other nations from using those tactics.
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — A leader in China's student pro-democracy movement said Saturday that last spring's uprising may have been partially responsible for the reforms now sweeping across eastern Europe.
The Associated Press
Child,4 killed in KC home
KANSAS CITY, Mo. — A 4-year-old boy was shot to death early Saturday after three intruders ransacked his home in eastern Kansas City.
Regis B. Branch was the third child to a rural urban violence in the city where he grew up.
Police said Regis was in the house with his mother, grandmother and two men when the shooting occurred. Police said the intruders entered the house about 4 a.m., produced shotguns and pistols and ordered the occupants to lie on the floor. Regis was shot in the upper back as the group was being led to the basement.
He was taken to Children's Mercy Hospital where he was pronounced dead shortly before 6 a.m., police said.
Sgt. Merle Mosby of the police homicide unit, said a second-degree murder charge was filed Saturday against a 42-year-old man, but Mosby would not identify the suspect because he was still at large.
At least two other youngsters have died in shootings in the area since September.
Four-year-old Antonio Phillips died Sept. 11 after being shot the previous evening during a drug deal that went awry in Kansas City, Kan.
Freddie Jones, 11, was killed Nov. 11 when he tried to retrieve his belongings from a midtown Kansas City house.
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