Tuesday, February 7, 1989 / University Daily Kansan
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State equal pay trial begins
The California State Employees Association hopes its lawsuit can scale a comparable worth barrier that a federal appeals court planted in 1985 in the path of unions seeking equal pay for jobs of comparable value.
The Associated Press
SAN FRANCISCO — Lawyers for 60,000 to 70,000 female state employees go to trial today arguing that the state of California has intentionally held down the pay of its women workers for more than 60 years.
The Ninth U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals ruled that the state of Washington could follow prevailing market wages in paying less to workers in female-dominated jobs. The opinion by Judge Anthony M. Kennedy, now a Supreme Court justice, said that a decision to pay unequal market wages did not constitute the type of intentional discrimination needed for such a lawsuit.
That ruling was disastrous for advocates of comparable worth, the doctrine that public jobs requiring equal skill, effort and responsibility must receive equal pay under federal civil rights laws. Government officials invariably defend disparate salaries by pointing to market rates.
market rates.
But the union, which sued California in 1984 on behalf of
past and present female employees, contended that it had found the evidence it needed to survive the appeals court ruling: a policy of sex-based salary setting in state government dating back to 1931.
"The state has never relied primarily on prevailing rates in setting salaries," the union said in court papers. "Wage discrimination on the basis of sex was the state's standard operating procedure during the early 1930s, and . . . the effects of such discrimination carry over to the present day."
"The state has never relied primarily on prevailing rates in setting salaries," the union said in court papers.
Overwhelming of the appeals court ruling, which is binding in California, the union is trying to avoid a comparable worth label for the case, insisting it is merely a lawsuit about sex discrimination.
So far, the union's strategy has succeeded in keeping the case in court. U.S. District Judge Marilyn Hall Patel ruled that the claims of intentional discrimination in salary setting, if proved, would be grounds for awarding damages to women in female-dominated jobs as far back as 1977.
The union's case rests in part on a 1930 report by a state consultant, which recommended that the state "pay somewhat higher for those occupations filled predominantly by men."
Holiday horsepower provided by trucks
The Associated Press
NEW ORLEANS — In most Cajun towns, masked horsemen celebrate Mardi Gras as they have for hundreds of years, with a riotous ride from farm to farm to scare up some chickens and other ingredients for a huge pot of gumbo.
nugge po gimbo.
But in Tee-Mamou, a town of about 400 people deep in Cajun country, the "courir du Mardi Gras" has used trucks since 1919, the year the horses died.
they
"They were running pretty hard; it was kind of a long trek," said Larry G. Miller, folklife director of the Tee-Mamou-Iota Mardis Gras Folk-life Festival Association.
"They ended up running across a blue northera (a strong north wind) that was blowing in right at the end of their run.
their run.
"They got to the farmhouse to do their gumbo, and tied the horses up."
when they went out later, about two-thirds of the 28 horses had died from pneumonia brought on by the sudpé chill after a long, hot run.
"It sobered up a lot of mardi gras early and it busted up the dance," said Miller, using "mardi gras" as folks do in these places, to mean those who participate in the drunken ride.
Since that night in Tee-Mamou, a town so small it seldom shows up on maps of Acadia Parish, the courir has been made by truck, a flatbed at first, and now on a specially made wagon drawn by a pickup.
Most towns hold their courisons on the weekend before Mardi Gras, but Tee-Mamou's is still held on Fat Tuesday. The Mardi Gras celebration in New Orleans and elsewhere around the state also hits full swing Tuesday, with parades, music and partying.
partying The courirs are traditionally stag events, but since the 1970s Tee-
Mamou has had a women's run the Saturday before Mardi Gras, with its own gumbo and dance. The women can get as wild as the men, said Miller, even to the custom of infiltrating the dance hall in costume, grabbing partners for a few dances, and then being pulled out the door by their captains.
"They clown, some will get up on tables getting chased, knock over drinks. It gets kind of rowdy, but seldom does anybody hurt," he hurts.
sab.
Tee-Mamou (the Tee is a Cajan shortening of petit, or little) and nearby Iota welcome tourists to a street festival featuring tales of old-time courtires told by men who rode in them. Cajun and other south Louisiana crafts, and lots of Cajun food and music. But tourists can't get into the wagon in which 60 or 70 men racket around the countryside, downing beer as they go.
"You can't just grab a beer any time you want," said Miller's son Michael. "They have a big old deep-freeze or two in the truck, and have a padlock on it. They give out a beer or two at each stop to each mardi gras
"Everybody wants to drink as much as they can, I guess, but you can't give an organized show if everybody's drunk."
everybody.
At each farmhouse, the captains ask if they can have food for the gumbo. Then the men pile out of the wagon for another ritual; the Mardi Gras chant.
There apparently are two basic chants, one exclusive to Tee-Mamou. Larry Miller said, "The only words that are both in their song and our song is 'We come from England.' That's kind of curious."
That's kind of cool.
After the chant and some dancing,
things get really wild.
She had said it would be her last book because her eyesight was failing.
Tuchman's latest book, "The First Salute," examined the American Revolution and the Dutch Revolution that preceded it by 200 years. It has been on the New York Times best-seller list for more than nine weeks.
Tuchman提子 10 books, winning the Pulitzer Prize for history for "The Guns of August" in 1662 and for "American Experience" in China' in 1971.
The Associated Press
"The Guns of August" was a favorite of President John F. Kennedy because of its lessons for leaders in the nuclear age. He presente'a a copy to British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.
Pulitzer-winning history writer Tuchman dies
Mackinnon In 1978, she was awarded the gold medal for history from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters. She has received 22 honorary doctorates.
She also wrote "The Proud Tower," a story of Europe before World War I, and "A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous 14th Century," which traced the tumult of the period by following the career of a feudal lord. Enguerrand de Coucy VII.
GREENWICH, Conn. — Barbara Tuchman, a two-time Pulitzer Prize-winning author whose books revealed the lessons of history, died yesterday of complications after a stroke. She was 77.
Tuchman was admitted to Greenwich Hospital on Saturday, said hospital spokesman Eleanor Hannah.
"The Guns of August," the book that brought her fame, examined how the military build-up in Europe during the opening years of this century led to the outbreak of World War I.
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