6
Friday, September 17, 1993
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By Charles J. Gans The Associated Press
Events offer hope for global harmony
Yasser Arafat shakes hands with Yitzhak Rabin. Nelson Mandela may become South Africa's first black president. U.S. and Russian troops are planning maneuvers — together.
Miracles are far from guaranteed. Armed conflicts, large and small, are tormenting more than 20 countries. Other nations are grappling with domestic tension. Even the latest accomplishments in the Middle East and South Africa could be undermined by extremists or internal politics.
What breakthrough comes next?
Around the world, bitter conflicts suddenly appear solvable. Imaginable by the end of the decade: a unified Korea. China and Taiwan making money together. U.S. fast-food restaurants in Hanoi. Cuban exiles returning to Havana.
Communist North and capitalist South Korea, which signed historic pacts in 1991 aimed at reconciliation and eventual unification. Implementation has stalled over disputes on nuclear inspections.
Irish Prime Minister Albert Reynolds said there were indications that peace talks on Northern Ireland might resume. The Israeli-PLO accord "has to give you hope" that Catholics and Protestants in
ANALYSIS
restore exiled President Jean-Bertrand Aristide to power and help put the troubled country back on the democratic path.
Yet the world is in a mood to resolve long-standing disruptions.
Nagorno-Karabagh, a predominantly Armenian enclave within Azerbaijan, where fighting between Armenia and Azerbalajan has claimed at least 15,000 lives in five years. Russia and other outside mediators continue efforts to halt the bloodshed.
Northern Ireland can resolve their differences, he said in a newspaper interview.
The Israeli-PLO agreement offers hope to others about resolving conflicts diplomatically, said Joyce Neu, acting director of the Conflict Resolution Program at the Carter Center in Atlanta. The center was set up by the former U.S. president to help mediate civil wars.
"There is a political will of the international community to resolve conflicts," she said. "The superpowers are not aggravating internal disputes in other countries by taking sides."
China and Taiwan continue to trade ideological barbs, but China has turned some military positions along the Taiwan Strait into economic development zones and tourist attractions. Taiwan now allows private travel and some business investment on the mainland.
In former Yugoslavia, the bloodiest war in Europe since World War II is raging among Serbs, Muslims and Croats in Bosnia-Herzegovina. Despite repeated setbacks, international mediators hope the warring parties will soon sign a peace plan partitioning Bosnia that might end the carnage.
GENEVA — Mediators asked Bosnia's three warring sides to meet in Sarajevo next week to sign a peace settlement, after the country's warring Muslims and Serbs signed a cease-fire accord yesterday.
Other areas where major developments are possible:
Haiti, where a U.N. force is planned to help
The Associated Press
In signing the accord, Bosnia's Muslim President Alija Izetbegovic agreed in the clearest terms yet to possible secession by Bosnian Serbs and Croats to join their neighboring motherlands.
Cease-fire signed in Bosnia could lead to peace
Vietnam, where just this week, President Clinton relaxed the U.S. trade embargo allowing U.S. companies to compete for internationally funded development projects. U.S. businesses are clamoring for Washington to establish normal relations, but the POW-MIA issue stands in the way.
"We have made progress," European Community mediator Lord Owen said after Izetbegovic and the
speaker of the self-styled Bosnian Serb parliament, Momcilo Kraijnik, signed a preliminary agreement in Geneva.
The agreement followed a similar accord signed Tuesday between Izetbegovic and Croatian President Franjo Tudjman, also aimed at speeding the peace process.
Both agreements provide for ceasefires by tomorrow at the latest, an exchange of prisoners and a pledge not to hinder humanitarian aid convoy.
Tuesday's deal failed to stop Muslim-Croat fighting in central and
southwest Bosnia. Clashes intensified yesterday after the brutal slaying of Croat villagers. Serb-Muslim fighting has been only sporadic for about a month.
UNITED NATIONS — Faced with increasing violence in Mogadishu, the U.N. special envoy for Somalia said yesterday that he had asked for 4,000 more peacekeepers to patrol the country's volatile capital.
The Associated Press
Izetbegovic said yesterday he doubted differences among the three factions could be resolved by Tuesday, the date set for a signing a peace accord in Sarajevo.
Both the Muslim-Serb and Muslim-Croat accords, however, refer territorial disputes to working groups, allowing for the signing of a final peace package without those issues resolved.
An important point of the Serb-Muslim deal allows for a referendum on whether any of the three ethnic ministates wants "to leave the union" to be created under the main peace package the three sides have negotiated.
If they secede, Bosnian Croats and Serbs likely would merge with neighboring Croatia and Serb-dominated Yugoslavia.
It wasn't clear what effect the Serb-Muslim deal has on the main accord, which allows one group to secede only with approval of the other two or the U.N. Security Council.
Despite progress, more troops may be sent to Somalia
"Iwish I had them last week," retired U.S. Adm. Jonathan Howe said at a news conference, where he announced a two-year timetable for restoring democracy to the East
African nation.
Howe ruled out negotiating with fugitive warlord Mohamed Farrah Aidid or his followers.
Howe has been criticized for focusing more on capturing Aidid than the United Nations' humanitarian mission. U.N. forces have failed to arrest Aidid or to stop attacks on peacekeeper despite near-daily clashes with Somali militia and dozens of raids on their suspected compounds.
A June ambush killed 24 Pakistani peacekeepers.
About 12,000 U.N. forces now are in Mogadishu, most of them support troops.
Howe came to U.N. headquarters to brief Secretary-General Boutros-Boutros Ghali. Howe said yesterday that he had the U.N. chief's full support, despite rumors that he would be replaced.
"I have my return ticket," he said. He
plans to speak to the U.S. Congress next week.
Howe said the United Nations was working on possible elections in Somalia in January 1995. He said 36 of the country's 76 district councils would be established by the end of this week.
Enormous progress has been made "when we think back to where we were a year ago," he said.
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